Shortness of breath can have many causes — some more serious than others.
Causes can include aerobic exercise, intense physical activity, asthma, anxiety, or being at altitude. And in some cases, shortness of breath can be a symptom of a life-threatening condition that is less well known.
You should always take shortness of breath seriously.
Importantly, if shortness of breath is moderate to severe and occurs suddenly — and especially if it is accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, and a change in the color of your skin — this becomes a medical emergency requiring a call to 911.
This could be a sign of a heart attack or pulmonary embolism, both of which are life-threatening emergencies. In addition, the symptoms of a panic attack can overlap with these medical emergencies. However, even if you think your symptoms are due to a panic attack, it is important to go to the ER to be checked and make sure you are not in immediate danger.
Then there is the milder shortness of breath that is sometimes experienced with physical activity. While this is not a medical emergency, it is also not something to be ignored. Even mild shortness of breath can be a sign of a more serious condition. And if it progresses to the point where it causes you to change your activity level, it’s definitely time to talk to your primary care doctor about your symptoms.
Seek emergency medical treatment
Call 911 or your local emergency number or have someone take you to the emergency room if you experience severe shortness of breath that comes on suddenly and affects your ability to function. Seek emergency medical care if your shortness of breath is accompanied by chest pain, fainting, nausea, a bluish color to your lips or nails, or a change in mental alertness — as these may be signs of a heart attack or pulmonary embolism.
